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华人思维方式与一般社会科学方法之比较

GCA Admin 31 December 2012 Blog, Chinese pages
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2011年，林毅夫的《本体与常无：经济学方法论对话》（亚马逊Kindle版本，见封面中间图）出版。作者是北京大学教授，时任世界银行首席经济学家和高级副行长。这是其中文著作《论经济学方法，与林老师对话》（2005年由北京大学出版社出版）的翻译版本（左侧为原版封面；右侧为2012年出版的第二版封面）。此书的重要的见解，尤其是书名“本体与常无”引起了伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）中国比较研究网（CCPN）的关注，因为该书融入了多种中国传统文化元素，尤其是“本体与常无”这一中国哲学概念。该概念是道家哲学的核心，体现了“无”的思想，代表着一种虚静和无限的状态，反映了东方文化对世界的理解与探索。

中国比较研究网（CCPN）决定邀请林毅夫教授做一次华人思维方式与一般社会科学方法比较的对话。2012年3月6日（星期二），伦敦政治经济学院（LSE）理事会批准了授予林毅夫荣誉博士学位的提议。他将被授予2012年度LSE荣誉学位的科学博士（经济学），该荣誉每年授予一人。此次提名由CCPN主任邓肯博士提出，并得到了经济史系主任珍妮特·亨特Janet Hunter 教授和经济系教授兼中国比较研究网（CCPN）管理委员会主席柯成兴Danny Quah教授的支持。林毅夫教授计划于12月18日在LSE出席颁授典礼。中国比较研究网（CCPN）联席主任常向群博士策划并组织了一场题为“华人思维方式与一般社会科学方法之比较”的研讨会。

林教授要求所有研讨会的参与者从亚马逊购买Kindle版本的书籍，并在研讨会前阅读。这本书是林教授在2003年和2004年于北京大学教授转型经济学课程期间，与研究生进行的对话集，并附有三篇期刊文章作为附录。该书以问答形式呈现，讨论了如何创造性地进行经济研究，并基于现象的深入分析构建自己的理论框架和模型。作者还强调了中国经济学家在研究中采用国际公认规范的重要性，同时聚焦本土问题，并对现有新古典理论在解释发展中国家发展与转型时的局限性进行了批判性反思。

主要特点

  • 由中国最知名的经济学家之一撰写
  • 采用教授与学生之间简单的问答形式编写
  • 讨论如何创造性地进行经济研究，
  • 并基于深入的现象分析构建自己的模型 对现有新古典理论在解释发展中国家的发展与转型时的局限性进行批判性反思

目录

  1. 主流原则与前提
  2. （不）适用于中国
  3. 经济学的理论创新
  • 附录1. 本土化、规范化与国际化——纪念《经济研究》创刊40周年
  • 附录2. 经济研究方法与中国经济学科的发展
  • 附录3. 自生能力、经济转型与对新古典经济学的反思

CCPN提出了一些问题供林教授讨论：

  1. Benti and changwu (本体与常无): 你说’理性是经济学的共同基础前提，核心或本体’，……人都是理性的，到处都是一样的，但决策者有非常不同的约束和机会成本 (15-16%; 9-10页)。 常无是一个不断变化的社会和经济现象的思维定式，即从任何现有的理论约束中解放出来 (20-21%)。 你也说“一个逻辑的和内部一致的理论体系可以在一个基本不变的前提下建立，例如儒家哲学是建立在维持不变的仁的美德之上。符合仁的行为是义，而判断哪些行为是义的及可以达到仁是智(智慧)或礼和信(信任)。环境和条件不同，因此实现仁的方式可能有所不同 (29-30%; 37-38页)。问题：本体和常无这对中文词汇是否只是给了经济学一个方法论或它们也可以被伸展到其他社会科学方法论？例如中国有句话“以不变应万变” (保持不变以应对所有变化 – 通过坚持一个固定的原则或政策来应对一个不断变化的情况)。这里不变的是本体，那么是不是所有的变化都是常无？
  2. 中国比较研究: 在回答 ‘为什么强调方法论 (13-14% Kindle; 5-6页 中文版)’的问题中, 你比较中国与‘亚洲四小虎’的快速发展, 提到‘后发优势’及前苏联及东欧的无秩序过渡的‘震荡治疗’: 你用中国作为一个比较对象与其它国家和地区比较的方法与我们用的‘中国比较研究’相似。 你可不可以用两个例子去显示你的工作中有那些理论直接得益于应用这个方法?
  3. 严格的或超越逻辑证明: 一方面，你同意“数学是为了使经济理论更严格”而这是很重要的; 另一方面，你说“有时要为严谨牺牲相关性”。当你讨论经济方法论的时候你提到中国古典文学，语言，诗歌形式，烹饪，绘画，艺术，及能够从数以千计的可能因素中发现最重要的变数的本能等 (17-19%; 8,13-14页)。 问题: 这与中国学者的风格很相似, 像费孝通。费孝通的《乡土中国》的译者韩格理 Gary Hamilton用这本书作为一个例子去显示“费孝通是他研究那些超出了逻辑证明的一个同情的理解” (2011), 虽然严格来说这本书并不像一本社会科学研究的著作。你觉得中国社会科学家的这种写作风格是中国社会科学方法论的一个特点吗？
  4. 当地人研究他们自己的社会的优点或缺点: 一方面，你说“大多数人将理论看作真理和认为当一个理论适用于一个地方, 它必定是普遍适用的’, 当一种理论适合所有, 强调理论的创新性和实用性的时候 (20%; 18页)。另一方面，你说“21世纪是一个中国经济学家的世纪”, 因为从18世纪工业革命到第一次世界大战, 世界上最大和最强的经济体是英国。英国经济学家享有一个有利的位置去观察和研究在那里发生了什么。英国是世界经济研究中心及大多数世界级的经济学家在那里出现, 像一句中国说话 ‘近水楼台先得月’ (60-62%; 90-91页)。问题: 这与费孝通强调本地人研究本地社会的好处的方法论相似。但是, Edmund Leach (1982) 批评一些中国学者的工作, 包括费孝通在开弦弓的工作, 因为他们对他们的本地文化太了解及在他们的工作中不正当地利用了它们; Leach还批评了简单地基于一个本地的研究而推广到全中国及一个很长的中国历史的企图。什么是当地人研究当地社会的优势？
  5. 多重现象的结合: 你总结你的方法为“一个分析和三个归纳”。三个归纳包括一个横向的方法, e.g. 与一些采用计划经济的社会主义国家, 及与并非社会主义国家的印度和很多拉丁美洲国家作比较;  及一个垂直的方法, e.g. 从一个历史的纵向的角度来看, 计划经济是在1929年在前苏联推出的; 第三个归纳方法是‘综合多种现象’, 经济学家在既定的时间和地点对很多现象进行一个综合分析, 并期待他们背后有一个共同的原因, 而不是逐一分析它们 (35-36%; 45-47页). 问题: 这像很多中国学者, 如《黄河边的中国》的作者 曹景清 (2000); 常向群 (关系或礼尚往来? — 在一个中国乡村的互惠, 社会支持网络和社会创造性, 2010) 在她的田野调查中发现通常有多个标准适用于判断任何一个关系, 使满足它们的全部或尽可能多, 一个同时被社会赋予价值和那些行使它的人享受的挑战性任务。你认为你的‘三个归纳’, 特别是第三个, 是中国的思维方法吗?
  6. 学问之道: 这是书的英文版其中一个被遗漏的附件。你解释‘道’是做好人(个人行为), 做好事及专注做学问的目标, 标准和方法。根据道, 学者应该有广博的知识及深入和小心地思考。大师应该从他们的心底关心人和社会, 将社会的兴衰当作自己使命, 有历史和全球视野, 高尚精神等 (129-145页)。 问题: 从古代中国开始这已经是一个非常流行的思想。为什么你在英文版中遗漏了这个思想? 这个中国的思想和做研究方法怎样影响它们的结果?

由中国比较研究网（CCPN）联席主任常向群博士组织的研讨会于2012年12月18日上午8:30至10:00在人类学系的塞利格曼图书馆顺利举行。研讨会由CCPN创始主任王斯福Stephan Feuchtwang 教授主持。主讲人概述了他在经济和发展研究领域的理论贡献，这些贡献源于他对中国的广泛研究，并在方法论上受到华人思维方式的丰富启发，这在其创新的教学方法中有所体现，详见《本体与常无：经济学方法论对话》（2012）。此书是原版中文著作（《与林老师对话：论经济学方法论》，2005）的英文版。在概述之后，主讲人与LSE的学者和学生展开了一场富有见地的对话。研讨会作为一次思想探索，展示了华人思维方式如何从经济学扩展到其他社会科学学科，强调了这种方法的跨学科相关性。此次活动吸引了多位知名学者参与，包括中国比较研究网（CCPN）高级研究员、英国社会学协会前会长马丁·阿尔布劳 Martin Albrow 教授，以及英国全球政策研究所副主任兼英国未来项目负责人、《马克斯·韦伯研究》期刊主编萨姆·惠姆斯特Sam Whimster 教授。

林毅夫博士介绍

林毅夫博士是世界银行的首席经济师及副行长。他是银行有史以来第一个来自一个发展中国家的首席经济师。此前，林博士曾任北京大学中国经济研究中心创办主任，北京大学和香港科技大学经济学教授。林博士的学术贡献在两个不同的领域。其中第一项是中国经济发展的机制，林博士已经展示了中国的非竞争性产业结构如何与中国的企业的技术能力建设互动。 他已经展示了这种互动如何运作去推动中国的快速增长和技术进步，并有助于解释中国的品牌产业政策的成功。

林教授贡献的第二个方面是中国在全球经济中的角色。这超出了传统经济学而是一个结合国际关系和国际政治经济学的经济研究。林博士在他于其中一个全球政策制定中心的现在位置及作为一个经济学者对这方面贡献了他的批判性想法。林博士对中国经济的持续崛起将继续改变全球经济的不同层面作出了严谨的分析, 并澄清了在什么地方危险但是机会也会不断涌现。

林毅夫是一系列书的作者, 包括: 经济发展与转型的提纲和要点: 思想, 战略和自生能力 (2008); 解密中国经济 (2011) 和新结构性经济: 一个重新思考发展和政策的框架 (2012)。林博士的书籍和文章, 其中很多是在顶级期刊发表的, 在越来越多的中国现代经济发展课程的阅读书目找到一个位置。他在2007/8年度在剑桥大学的经济学院发表了有名的 Marshall 讲座, 题为低发展国家的发展策略, 机构和经济表现, 显示他的专长已经远伸延到中国之外。

伦敦经济学院 经济学部 柯成兴Danny Quah 教授

著作选
书籍
  1. 2012. The Quest for Prosperity: How Developing Economies Can Take Off, Princeton University Press
  2. 2012. New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development Policy, Washington, World Bank.
  3. 2012. Demystifying the Chinese Economy, Cambridge University Press (English edition) [Special Topics in Chinese Economy, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2008, Chinese Edition]
  4. 2012. Benti and Changwu: Dialogues on Methodology in Economics, Cengage. (Dialogue with Professor Lin: On Economic Methodology, Peking University Press, 2005, Chinese edition)
  5. 2010. Selected Works of Lin Yifu, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province: Shanxi Economics Press.
  6. 2009. The Chinese Economy: Reform and Development, New York: McGraw Hill (with Cai Fang and Yong Cao).
  7. 2009. Economic Development and Transition: Thought, Strategy and Viability, Beijing: Peking University Press, 2008 (Chinese edition); Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (English edition).
  8. 2008. Inclusive Growth toward a Harmonious Society in China, Manila: ADB (with Juzhong Zhuang, Min Tang)
  9. 2007. There Is No Textbook Paradigm for Understanding Chinese Economy, Beijing: China’s Social Sciences Literature Press.
  10. 2005. Lessons of China’s Transition from a Planned Economy to a Market Economy, Leon Kozminski Academy of Entrepreneurship and Management, Distinguished Lecture Series No. 16.
  11. 2005. Dialogue with Professor Lin: On Development Strategy, Peking University Press.
  12. 2004. Viability, Economic Development and Transition, Peking University Press.
  13. 2004. Development Strategy and Economic Reform, Peking University Press.
  14. 2004. Development Strategy and Economic Development, Peking University Press.
  15. 2003. The Chinese Economy, Beijing: China Finance and Economics Publishing House (with Fang Cai).
  16. 2001. China’s Integration with the World Economy: Repercussions of China’s Accession to the WTO, Seoul, Korea: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy (edited jointly with Kyung Tae Lee and Si Joong Kim).
  17. 2000. Institution, Technology and Agricultural Development in China, II, Beijing: Peking University Press.
  18. 2000. China’s State-owned Enterprise Reform (Zhongguo Guoyou Qiye Gaige), Taipei: Linking Press (with Fang Cai and Zhou Li), Chinese University of Hong Kong Press, 2001, English edition.
  19. 1999. The China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic Reform, revised and expanded. Shanghai People’s Publishing House and Shanghai Sanlian Shudian (for Mainland China); and Seoul: Baeksan Press, 2001 (Korean edition): Moscow: Far Eastern Institute Press, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2001, Hong Kong, Chinese University Press, 2003 (English edition).
  20. 1998. Contemporary Economic Issues, Volume 1: Regional Experience and System Reform (Proceedings of the 11th World Congress of IEA, Tunis, IEA Conference Volume No. 121), London: MacMillan Press and New York: St. Martin’s Press.
  21. 1998. How Did China Feed Itself in the Past? How Will China Feed Itself in the Future? Second Distinguished Economist Lecture, Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
  22. 1997. Sufficient Information and State Enterprise Reform in China《充分信息与国有企业改革》，中文简体字版，上海人民出版社 , Shanghai: People’s Press and Sanlian Press; Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, Chinese Edition; Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, English edition 1999; Tokyo: Nihon Hyo Ron Sha, Japanese Edition 1998. (with Fang Cai and Zhou Li). 
  23. 1996. Agricultural Research Priorities: A Demand and Supply Analysis of Grain Technology in China, Beijing: Agriculture Press (《中国农业科研优先序》中国农业出版社Chinese with Minggao Shen and Hao Zhou. Book was awarded First Prize, Fifth Scientific Research Award, Peking University). 
  24. 1994. The China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic Reform, Shanghai People’s Publishing House and Shanghai Sanlian Sudian (for Mainland China); The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press (for overseas1995年 中文繁体字版，香港中文大学出版社), The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press English edition英文版，香港中文大学出版社),Tokyo: Nihon Hyo Ron Sha (Japanese edition日文版，东京日本评论社);Seoul: Baeksan Press (Korean edition文版，汉城白山书社);Ho Chi Minh City: Saigon Times (Vietnamese edition越文版，胡志明市，西贡时报出版社);1998/2000. Paris: Economica (French dition) (with Cai Fang and Li Zhou) 法文版，巴黎Economica出版社;Shanghai People’s Publishing House and Shanghai Sanlian Shudian ( revised version,  Mainland China). 
  25. 1994. Nature and impact of hybrid rice in China, IRRI; LRPI, Manila (Philippines)  
  26. 1992. Institution, Technology and Agricultural Development in China, Shanghai: Shanghai Sanlian Shudian (Awarded 1993 Sun Yefang Prize). 《制度、技术和中国农业发展》，上海人民出版社和三联出版社。
  27. 1991, Economic Development and Transition: Thought, Strategy and Viability, Peking University Press
期刊 (英文)
  1. “Beyond Keynesianism: Global Infrastructure Investments in Times of Crisis,” Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy, forthcoming.
  2. “From Flying Geese to Leading Dragons: New Opportunities and Strategies for Structural Transformation in Developing Countries,” Global Policy, forthcoming.
  3. “China’s Integration with The World: Development as A Process of Learning and Industrial Upgrading,” China Economic Policy Review, Vol. 1, No. 1 (March 2012): 1-33.
  4. “A Pro-Growth Response to the Crisis,” Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 46(6), Nov/Dec 2011: 321-326.
  5. “Global Imbalances, Reserve Currency and Global Economic Governance,” Journal for Money and Banking, 60, 11, Nov 2011:2-7.
  6. “Shocks, Vulnerability and Therapy,” African Development Review, 23 (4), 2011: 371-379.
  7. “The Coming Multipolar World Economy,” The International Economy, 25 (3), Summer 2011: 30-31.
  8. “China and the Global Economy,” China Economic Journal, 4(1), Oct 2011: 1-14
  9. “The Coming Multipolar World Economy: Is the Developed World Prepared?” The International Economy, Summer 2011: 30-31 (with Mansoor Dailami)
  10. “New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development,” World Bank Research Observer, 26 (2), Sep 2011: 193-221.
  11. “Finding a Path to Growth,” This is Africa: A Global Perspective, Jun 8, 2011: 50-51.
  12. “Understanding Urbanization and Urban-Rural Inequality in China: A New Perspective from Government’s Development Strategy,” Frontier of Economics in China” 2011, 6(1): 1–21 (with Binkai Chen).
  13. “Growth Identification and Facilitation: the Role of State in the Process of Dynamic Growth,” Development Policy Review, Vol. 29, No. 3 (May 2011), pp. 264-290; “Rejoinder”: 304-309.
  14. “A Comment on Professor Robert Wade’s Rebuttal,” Global Policy, 2(2), May 2011: 231-2.
  15. “Beyond Keynes,” World Policy Journal, 28(1), Spring 2011: 35-40.
  16. “Tiere des lecons du passé pour imagier le future: Opening Remarks: Learning from the past to reinvent the future,” Revue D;’Economie du Developpement,” 2010/4 Decembre, Numero special, Lecons de L’asie de l’est et crise finaniere mondiale: 5-20.
  17. “Shocks, Crises and Their Determinants,” Middle East Development Journal, 2(2), Dec 2010: 159-76.
  18. “Six Steps for Strategic Government Intervention,” Global Policy, 1(3), Oct 2010: 330-31.
  19. “US-China external imbalance and the global financial crisis,” Chinese Economic Journal, 3 (1), Jun 2010): 1- 24 (with Hinh Ding and Fernando Im).
  20. “Policy Responses to the Global Economics Crisis,” Development Outreach, 11(3), Dec 2009: 29-33.
  21. “Beyond Keynesianism: the Necessity of a Globally Coordinated Solution,” Harvard International Review, 31(2), Summer 2009:14-17.
  22. “DPR Debate: Should Industrial Policy in Developing Countries Conform to Comparative Advantage or Defy it?” Development Policy Review, 27 (5), Sep 2009: 483-502 (with Ha-Joon Chang).
  23. “Innovative R&D and Optimal Investment under Uncertainty in High-Tech Industries: An Implication for Emerging Economies,” Research Policy, 38, 2009:1388-95 (with Yingyi Tsai and Luica Kurekova).
  24. “Economic Thoughts from an East Asian Perspective: a Conceptual Framework of Viability and Development strategy,” China Economic Journal, 1(3), 2008: 245-74.
  25. “Policy Burden, Privatization and Soft Budget Constraint,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 36, 2008: 90-102 (with Zhiyun Li).
  26. “The Needham puzzle, the Weber Question, and China’s Miracle: Long-term Performance since the Sung dynasty,” China Economic Journal, 1, 1, 2008: 63 – 95.
  27. “Inclusive Growth toward a Harmonious Society in the People’s Republic of China: An Overview,” Asian Development Review, 25 (1-2), 2008:1-14 (with Juzhong Zhuang, Min Tang and Tun Lin).
  28. “Achieving Equity and Efficiency Simultaneously in the Primary Distribution Stage in the People’s Republic of China,” Asian Development Review, 25 (1-2), 2008: 3457 (with Peilin Liu).
  29. “Deflationary Expansion: An Overshooting Perspective to the Recent Business Cycle in China,” China Economic Review, 19, 2008: 1-17 (with Gang Gong).
  30. “Prospect for China-Korea economic relations,” China & World Economy, 14(1), 2006: 57-70.
  31. “Late Marketisation versus Late Industrialization in East Asia,” Asian-Pacific Economic Literature, 19 (1), May 2005: 42-59 (with Keun Lee and Ha-Joon Chang).
  32. “Viability, Economic Transition, and Reflection on Neoclassical Economics,” Kyklos, 58 (2), 2005: 239-64.
  33. “Development Strategies for Inclusive Growth in Developing Asia,” Asian Development Review, 21(2), 2004: 1-27.
  34. “Rural Taxation and Government Regulation in China,” Agricultural Economics, 31 (2-3), Special Issue, Dec. 2004: 161-68 (with Ran Tao and Mingxing Liu).
  35. “Reform and Development in China: A New Institutional Economics Perspective,” Seoul Journal of Economics, 17 (3), Fall 2004: 335-81 (with Yingyi Tsai).
  36. “Viability and the Development of China’s Capital Markets” China & World Economy, 12 (6), 2004: 3-10.
  37. “Is China’s Growth Real and Sustainable?” Asian Perspective, 28 (3), 2004: 5-29.
  38. “An Everlasting Inspiration: In Memory of Professor D. Gale Johnson,” Journal of Asian Economics, 15, 2004: 457-60.
  39. “Regional Inequality and Labor Transfers in China,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 52, No. 4 (Jul 2004): 587-603 (with Gewei Wang and Yaohui Zhao).
  40. “The Causes of China’s Great Leap Famine, 1959-1961,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 52(1), Oct 2003: 51-74 (with James K.S. Kung).
  41. “Development Strategy, Viability, and Economic Convergence,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 51(2), Jan 2003: 277-308.
  42. “Is China Following the East Asian Model? A ‘Comparative Institutional Analysis’ Perspective,” China Review, 2(1), Spring 2002: 85-120 (with Keun Li and Donghoon Han).
  43. “WTO Accession and Financial Market Reform in China,” Cato Journal, 21(1), Spring/Summer 2001: 13-9.
  44. “The Current Deflation in China: Causes and Policy Options,” Asian Pacific Journal of Economics and Business, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Dec 2000): 4-21.
  45. “The Development of the Information Industry and the Principle of Comparative Advantage,” World Economy and China, 8 (4), Aug 2000: 3-9.
  46. “WTO Accession and China’s Agriculture,” China Economic Review, 11(4), 2000: 405-8.
  47. “Fiscal Decentralization and Economic Growth in China,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 49 (1), Oct 2000): 1-20 (with Zhiqiang Liu).
  48. “Food Availability, Entitlements and the Chinese Famine of 1959-61,” Economic Journal, 110 (460), Jan 2000: 136-158 (with Dennis Tao Yang).
  49. “Consequences des Reformes Economicques sur les Disparites Regionales en Chine” Revue d’Economie du Development, 1-2, 1999: 7-32.
  50. “Policy Burdens, Accountability, and the Soft Budget Constraint,” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 89 (2), May 1999: 426-31 (with Guofu Tan).
  51. “Technological Change and Agricultural Household Income Distribution: Theory and Evidence from China,” Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 43(2), Jun 1999: 179-194.
  52. “Fair Competition and China’s State-owned Enterprises Reform,” MOCT-MOST: Economic Policy in Transitional Economies, 9 (1), 1999: 61-74 (with Fang Cai and Zhou Li).
  53. “On the Causes of China’s Agricultural Crisis and the Great Leap Famine,” China Economic Review, 9 (2), Fall 1998: 125-40.
  54. “Competition, Policy Burdens, and State-owned Enterprise Reform,” American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings, 88 (2), May 1998: 422-27.
  55. “Institutional Reforms and Dynamics of Agricultural Growth in China,” Food Policy, 22 (3), 1997: 201-12.
  56. “China Miracle: Development Strategy and Economic Reform,” Asia-Pacific Development Journal, 4(1), Jun 1997: 165-69. (with Fang Cai and Zhou Li).
  57. “The Lessons of China’s Transition to a Market Economy,” Cato Journal, 16 (2), Fall, 1996: 201-31.
  58. “Current Issues in China’s Rural Areas,” Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 11 (4), Jan 1996: 85-96.
  59. “China’s Regional Grain Self-sufficiency Policy and Its Effect on Land Productivity,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 21, 1995: 187-206 (with Q. James Wen).
  60. “Endowments, Technology and Factor Markets: A Natural Experiment from China’s Rural Institutional Reform,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 77 (2), May 1995: 231-242.
  61. “Can China’s Mini-bang Succeed?” Contemporary Economic Policy, 13, January 1995: 10-14.
  62. “The Needham Puzzle: Why the Industrial Revolution Did Not Originate in China?” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41, January 1995: 269-92.
  63. “The Impacts of Hybrid Rice on Input Demand and Productivity: An Econometric Analysis,” Agricultural Economics, 10, 1994: 153-64.
  64. “Exit Rights, Exit Costs, and Shirking in the Theory of Cooperative Team: A Reply,” (a reply to 1990 JPE article for symposium) Journal of Comparative Economics, 17, Jun 1993: 504-20.
  65. “The Determinants of Farm Investment and Residential Construction in Post-Reform China,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 41, Oct 1992: 1-26 (with Feder, Lau, and Luo).
  66. “Hybrid Rice Innovation in China: a Study of Market-Demand Induced Innovation in a Centrally-Planned Economy,” Review of Economics and Statistics, 74, Feb 1992:14-20.
  67. “On the Development Strategy of an Externally Oriented Economy,” Chinese Economic Studies, 25 (Spring 1992): 53-66.
  68. “Rural Reforms and Agricultural Growth in China,” American Economic Review, 82, Mar 1992: 34-51.
  69. “Public Research Resource Allocation in Chinese Agriculture: A Test of Induced Technological Innovation Hypotheses,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40 (1), Oct 1991: 55-74.
  70. “Supervision, Peer Pressure, and Incentives in a Labor-Managed firm,” China Economic Review 2, Oct 1991: 213-29.
  71. “Education and Innovation Adoption in Agriculture: Evidence from Hybrid Rice in China,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 73, Aug 1991: 713-24.
  72. “The Household Responsibility System Reform and the Adoption of Hybrid Rice in China,” Journal of Development Economics, 36, Jul 1991: 353-72.
  73. “Prohibition of Factor Market Exchanges and Technological Choice in Chinese Agriculture,” Journal of Development Studies, 27, July 1991: 1-15.
  74. “Collectivization and China’s Agricultural Crisis in 1959-1961,” Journal of Political Economy, 98, Dec 1990: 1228-52. (Journal of Comparative Economics,17, Jun 1993; a six-article symposium on this paper).
  75. “The Relationship between Credit and Productivity in Chinese Agriculture: An Application of a Microeconomic model of Disequilibrium,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 72, Dec 1990(with Feder, Lau, and Luo).
  76. “An Economic Theory of Institutional Change: Induced and Imposed Change,” Cato Journal, 9, Sep 1989: 1-33.
  77. “Agricultural Credit and Farm Performance in China,” Journal of Comparative Economics, 13, 1989: 508-26 (with Feder, Lau, and Luo).
  78. “The Household Responsibility System in China’s Agricultural Reform: A Theoretical and Empirical Study,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, 36, Apr 1988: S199-S224.
  79. “The Household Responsibility System Reform in China: A Peasant’s Institutional Choice,” American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69, May 1987: 410-15.
期刊 (中文)
  1. “Capital Accumulation and Optimal Bank Size,” China Economic Quarterly, 7 (2), 2008.
  2. “Debates on East Asian Development Model Revisited,” Jinji yanjiu (Economic Research), Aug 2007 (with Ruoen Ren).
  3. “Over Response: An Explanation for China’s Deflationary Growth,” Jingji yanjiu (Economic Research), Apr 2007 (with Gang Gong).
  4. “Wave Phenomenon and the Reconstruction of Macroeconomics in Developing Countries,” Jinji yanjiu (Economic Research), Jan 2007.
  5. “Needham Puzzle, Weber Question, and China’s Miracle,” Peking University Bulletin, 44 (4), Jul 2007.
  6. “Reflection and Proposal on the Exchange Rate Issue of Chinese Yuan,” Guoji jingji pinglun (International Economic Review), 5-7, 2007.
  7. “Appropriate Technology, Technology Choice and Economic Development in Developing Country,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly), 5 (4), 2006 (with Pengfei Zhang).
  8. “Technology Choice, Institution, and Economic Development,”Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly) 5(3), 2006 (with Pengfei Zhang).
  9. “Advantage of backwardness, Borrowed Technology, and Economic Development in Developing Countries,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly) 5 (1), 2005 (with Pengfei Zhang).
  10. “On the Reform of China’s State-owned Enterprise and Financial System,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly), 4(4), 2006 (with Zhiyun Li).
  11. “Economic Structure, Banking Structure and Economic Development: Empirical Evidence from China’s Province Level Panel Data,” Jingrong yanjiu (Financial Research), 1, 2006 (with Ye Jiang).
  12. “Development Strategy, Economic Structure, and Banking Structure: Empirical Evidence from China,” Guanli shijie (Management World), 12, 2005 (with Ye Jiang).
  13. “New Village Construction Is A Mean and An End As Well,” Gaige (Reform) Mar 2006.
  14. “Reflection on the New Village Construction,” Zhongguo jingji guancha, (China Economic Observer) 1, 2006.
  15. “Trend of Economic Development and Cooperation Across the Taiwan Straits,” Guoji maoyi wenti (International Trade Issue), Feb 2006.
  16. “China’s Employment Issue and Policy Option,” Jingjixuejia (Economist), Jan, 2006.
  17. “China’s Regional Disparity and Labour Migration,” Zhongguo laodongli jingjixue (China Labour Economics), 3, 2005.
  18. “China’s State-owned Enterprise Reform and Financial System Reform,”Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly), 4 (4), 2005. (with Zhiyun Li).
  19. “Advantage of backwardness, Borrowed Technology, and Economic Growth in Developing Countries,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economics Quarterly), 5(1), Nov 2005 (with Pengfei Zhang).
  20. “Whither is China’s Economics?” 21 shiji jingji baodao (21st Century Economic Herald), Sep 2005.
  21. “Information, Informal Credit and Small and Medium Firm’s Finance,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), Jul 2005. (with Xifang Sun)
  22. “Poverty, Growth and Equity: China’s Experience and Challenge,” Zhongguo guoqing guoli (State Condition and Strength of China), 8, 2004 (with Peilin Liu)
  23. “Policy Burdens and Soft Budget Constraint: Empirical Evidence from China,” Guanli shijie (Management World), 8, 2004 (with Qi Zhang and Mingxing Liu)
  24. “Development Strategy and China’s Industrialization,” Jingji yanjiu (Economic Research), 7, 2004 (with Mingxing Liu).
  25. “Policy Burden, Moral Hazard and Soft Budget Constraint,” Jingji yanjiu (Economic Research), 2, 2004.
  26. “Ten Strategic Issues for the Eleven Five-year Plan,” Hongguan Jingji Yanjiu (Macroeconomic Research), 1, 2004.
  27. “The International Comparison and Empirical Analysis of Banking Structure,” zhongguo jinrongxue (China Financial Economics), 2(1), 2004 (with Qi Zhang and Mingxing Liu).
  28. “WTO Accession and China’s Grain Security and Rural Development,” Nongcun jingji wenti (Rural Economic Issues), 1, 2004.
  29. “The Comparative Advantage Strategy in Economic Development: A Comment on the Review of China’s Foreign Trade Strategy and Trade Policy,” Guoji jingji pinglun (International Economics Review), 11-2, 2003 (with Xifang Sun)
  30. “Comparative Advantage Strategy and the Revival of Old Industrial Base in Northeast,” Jingji yaocan (Economic Reference), 74, 2003.
  31. “Economic Growth, Convergence and Income Distribution in China,” Shijie jingji (World Economy), 8, 2003 (with Peilin Liu).
  32. “Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage and Developing Countries’ Economic Development,” Guanli shijie (Management World), 7, 2003.
  33. “China’s Economy and Education in the Transition Period,” Zhongguo jiaoyu guoji luntan (China International Education Forum) 2, 2003.
  34. “The Impact of Economic Development Strategy on Per Capita Capital Accumulation and Technological Progress,” Zhongguo shehui kexue (China Social Science), 4, 2003.
  35. “Economic Development Strategy, Equity and Efficiency,” Jingjixue jikan (Economics Quarterly), 2(2), 2003.
  36. “Financial Structure and Economic Growth: the Example of Manufacturing Industries,”Zhongguo shehui kexue pinglun (China Social Science Review), 2, 2003.
  37. “Economic Development Strategy and Regional Income Disparities,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 3, 2003.
  38. “Economic Development and Chinese Culture,” Zhanlue yu Guangli (Strategy and Management), 2, 2003.
  39. “Rural Problems and Future Rural Development in China,” Nongye Jingji Wenti, (Issues in Agricultural Economics),1, 2003.
  40. “Economic Development Strategy, Equity, and Efficiency,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economic Quarterly), 2(2), Jan 2003.
  41. “Viability, Transition, and Reflection of Neo-classical Economics,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 2002 No. 12.
  42. “How to Develop Small and Medium Banks,” Caijing (Finance), Nov. 5, 2002.
  43. “New Thoughts Are Needed for Solving Rural Poverty,” Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Peking University Bulletin), 5, 2002.
  44. “China’s Urban Development and Rural Modernization,” Beijing Daxue Xuebao (Peking University Bulletin), 4, 2002.
  45. “China’s Development and the Future of Asia,” Xueshu Yuekan (Academic Monthly), Oct. 2002.
  46. “Comparative Advantage and Poverty Reduction,” Liaowang (Perspective), Apr 8, 2002.
  47. “Development Strategy, Viability and Economic Convergence,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economic Quarterly), 1(2), 2002.
  48. “Viability and the Root of Transition Problems,” Jingji Shehui Bijiao (The Economic and Social System Comparison), 2, 2002.
  49. “On the Future of Second Board in China’s Stock Market, II,” Gaige (Reform), 2, 2002.
  50. “A Centennial Review of Economics in China,” Jingjixue Jikan (China Economic Quarterly), 1(1), Oct 2001.
  51. “The Impact of WTO Accession on China’s Manufacture Sectors,” Hongguan Jingji Yanjiu (Research on Macro Economics), 9, 2001.
  52. “Viability and State-own Enterprise Reform,’ Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 9, 2001.
  53. “The Prospect of Second Board in China’s Stock Market,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market), 2001 No. 8.
  54. “New Economy and Traditional Industry,” Zhongguo Guoqing Guoli (State Condition and Strength in China),” 5, 2001.
  55. “The Marketization of State Asset,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market), 5, 2001.
  56. “Research Methodology and the Development of Economics in China,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 4, 2001.
  57. “Models of Financial Development,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market) 3, 2001.
  58. “WTO Accession and State-owned Enterprise Reform,” Guanli Shijie (Management World) 2, 2001.
  59. “The Development of Small and Medium Financial Institutions and the Finance of Small and Medium Enterprises,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research) 1, 2001.
  60. “The Impact of Globalization and Biotechnology in Asia-Pacific Regions,” Nongye Jingji Wenti (Issues in Agricultural Economics) 1, 2001.
  61. “Development Strategy and Financial Crisis in East Asia,” Gaige (Reform), 2001 No. 1 (with Yongjun Li).
  62. “Why Do Deflation and High Growth Happen Simultaneously?” Shehui Kexue Zhanxian (Social Sciences Frontier), 2000 No. 6.
  63. “Financial Integration and Asian Financial Crisis,” Yuandong Jingji Huabao (Far Eastern Economics) 2000 No. 12.
  64. “An Overview of China’s Economic Research in 1999” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research) No. 11.
  65. “WTO and Mainland Economics,” Zhongguo Shiwu (China Affairs) 2000 No. 2.
  66. “Comparative Advantage and the Development of Information Industry in China,” Shanghai Jingji Yanjiu (Shanghai Economic Research) 2000 No. 9.
  67. “Viability, Policy Burden, Accountability and Soft-budget Constraints,” Jingji Shehui Tizhi Bijiao (Comparison of Economic and Social Systems) 2000 No. 4.
  68. “The Prospect of Complete Circulation of State Stocks,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market) 2000 No. 8.
  69. “Price Cartel Should Be Prohibited,” Renmin Ribao (People’s Daily) Jul 17, 2000.
  70. “Rural Infrastructure Development and the Rural Market,” Nongye Jingji Wenti (Issues in Agricultural Economics) 2000 No. 7.
  71. “Small and Medium Banks and Financial Development,” Zhongguo Jingmao Daokan (China Herald of Economy and Trade) 8, 2000.
  72. “WTO Accession: Challenges and Opportunities,” Guoji Jingji Pinglun (International Economic Review), 5, 2000.
  73. “Suggestions for Sustainable Development,” Gaige Neican (Internal Reform Reference) 8, 2000.
  74. “New Rural Movement,” Zhongguo Nongcun (China’s Villages) 4, 2000.
  75. “Debt-Stock Swap and State-owned Enterprise Reform,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market), 4, 2000.
  76. “The Current Deflation in China: Causes and Options,” Ziben Shichang (Capital Market), 2, 2000.
  77. “The Direction of China’s Financial System Reform,” Zhongguo Jingmao Daokan (China Herald of Economy and Trade), 17, 1999.
  78. “Comparative Advantage and Economic Development: A Reinterpretation of East Asian Miracle,” Zhongguo Shehui Kexue (China Social Sciences) 5, 1999.
  79. “Problems in China’s Long-term Development,” Zhongguo Jingmao Daokan (China Herald of Economy and Trade) 5, 1999.
  80. “Self Regulation in Price is Inappropriate,” Zhongguo Gaige (China Reform) 1, 1999.
  81. “Chinese Economy in the New Millennium,” the Twenty-first Century, 51, Feb 1999: 139-47.
  82. “Reform and Development: Lessons from East Asian Transition.” Chinese Social Sciences Quarterly (Hong Kong) Autumn Issue, Aug 1998.
  83. “China’s Grain Supply Capacity in the Past and Future,” Strategy and Management, 4, 1998: 82-90.
  84. “China’s Regional Income Disparity: Trend and Causes,” Jingji yanjiu (Economic Research), 6, 1988.
  85. “Experiences and Lessons from Southeastern Asian Financial Crises and Industrial Development Policy of China,” Economic Science, 2 (106), 1998.
  86. “On the problems of and policy options for China’s State-owned Enterprise: A Response to the Critiques,” Chinese Social Sciences Quarterly, Winter 1997.
  87. “On the Relationship between the Connotation of Modern Enterprise System and the Aim of State-owned Enterprise Reform,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 3, 1997.
  88. “On the Relationship between future Supply and Demand of China’s Grain,” Liaowang Zhoukan (Outlook Weekly), 35, 1996.
  89. “Localization, Formalization, and Internationalization: Celebration for the 40th Anniversary of Jingji Yanjiu,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 10, 1995.
  90. “The Current Problems and Policy Options in China’s Rural Economy,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 6, 1995.
  91. “The Core for State Enterprise Reform is to Create A Fair Competition,” Gaige (reform), 5, 1995.
  92. “A Study on Grain Yield Potential and Research Priority,” Zhongguo Nongcun Guancha (Chinese Rural Observation), 2, Mar 1995.
  93. “Grain’s Yield Potential and Prospect for Output Increase in China,” People’s Daily, Mar 10, 1995.
  94. “The Choice of Development Strategy is the Key to the Success of Reform and Development,” Jingji Kexue (Economic Science), No. 3, 1994. (also appeared in the Xinhua Digest, no. 9, 1994).
  95. “State, Industrial Policy and Economic Development,” China Industrial and Commercial Time, Apr 5, 1994.
  96. “Some Theoretical Issues Related to Current Market Economy Reforms in Rural China,” Economics News, Mar 3, 1994.
  97. “Let’s Work Together to Build Chinese Economist’s Century,” Economics News, Jan 27, 1994.
  98. “An Analysis of the Situation of Grain Market in 1993 and the Policy of Liberalizing the Price While Guaranteeing the Quantity of Purchase,” Economics News, Jan 20, 1994.
  99. “Changing the Strategic Goal is China’s Key to the Road of Giant Dragon,” Mingbao, Jan 13, 1994.
  100. “A Lesser-making Power for the State-owned Enterprises and Guarding Against Encroachment by Management Power on Ownership,” Economic Herald, 6, 1993.
  101. “On China’s Gradual Approach to Economic Reform,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 9, 1993.
  102. “The Comparison and Selection of Direct Finance by Stocks and Indirect Finance by Bank,” Jinrong Yanjiu (Journal of Financial Research) 5, 1993.
  103. “Reforming the Financial Policy and System So As to Put the Economy on a Virtual Circle,” Gaige (Reform), 3, 1993.
  104. “The Main Issues and Solutions of the Current Economic Reforms,” Liaowang Zhoukan (Outlook Weekly, overseas ed.), 10, 1993.
  105. “The Precondition for Market Development: Changing the Functions of Government,” Zhongguo Nongmin (Chinese Peasant), 2, 1993.
  106. “Reforms and Development in China’s Socialist Economy,” China Social Sciences Quarterly (Hong Kong), 1, 1, Nov. 1992.
  107. “On the Relationship between Share-holding System and Reforms of Large and Medium State-owned Enterprises,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research, monthly), 9, 1992.
  108. “Market Development: The Mainline of Rural Reforms in 1990s,” Nongye Jingji Wenti (Agricultural Economic Problems), 9, 1992.
  109. “Building Socialism with Chinese Characteristics by Reforms and Development,” Lilun Cankao (Theoretical Reference), 5, 1992.
  110. “Making the Correct Strategic Choices is the Key to Economic Development,” Jingji Shehui Tizhi Bijiao (Journal of Comparative Social and Economic System, Bimonthly) 1, 1992.
  111. “China’s Agricultural Mechanization Movement,” Nongye Jingji (Journal of Agricultural Economics) (Taiwan), Spring 1991.
  112. “Technological Choice and Innovation in Chinese Agriculture,” Jingji Shehui Tizhi Bijiao (Journal of Comparative Social and Economic System, Bimonthly), 2, 1990.
  113. “The Major Economic Issues and the Way out in China’s Economic Reform,” Zhongguo: Gaige Yu Fazhan (China: Development and Reform, Monthly), 7, 1989.
  114. “On the Rational Sequences and Breakthrough Point of Economic Reform in China,” Jingji Shehui Tizhi Bijiao (Journal of Comparative Social and Economic System), 3, 1989.
  115. “Plight and Choice: on the Development Strategy and Economic Reform in China,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research), 3, 1989.
  116. “On Inflation and Its Way out in China,” Fazhan Yanjiu Tongxun (Bulletin of Development Studies) 2, 1989.
  117. “A Survey of Western General Theory of Agricultural Development,” Nongye Jingji Wenti (Problems of Agricultural Economy) 11, 1988.
  118. “On the Grain Policy,” Jingji Yanjiu (Economic Research, Monthly), 6, 1988.
  119. “On the Outward-Oriented Development Strategy,” Jingji Shehui Tizhi Bijiao (Journal of Comparative Social and Economic System), 4, 1988.
  120. “Small Peasant and Economic Rationality,” Nongcun Jingji yu Shehui (Rural Society and Economy), 3, 1988.
  121. “On Institution and Institutional Changes” Zhongguo: Gaige Yu Fazhan (China: Development and Reform) 4, 1988.
  122. “Trade Policy and Economic Development: On China’s Development Strategy,” Jingji Cankao (Economic Reference), Mar 8, 1988.
  123. “Resource Allocation and Incentive Mechanism in a Labor-managed Firm,” The Chinese Intellectual, 3 (2), winter 1987): 54 – 59.
  124. “Theodore W. Schultz,” in Nobel Laureates in Economics. Sichuan: People’s Press, 1986.
  125. “A Marxian Approach to the Theory of Interest,” Jinrong Yanjiu (Journal of Financial Research) Nov 1984.
  126. “The Mechanism of Resource Allocation in a Socialist Economy,” Jingji Yanjiu Cankao (Journal of Economic Research Reference), Mar 1982.
  127. “On Market Socialism,” Jingji Dongtai (Journal of Development in Economics), Feb 1981.
  128. “On Oskar Lang’s Socialist Model,” in Economic Thoughts: Papers in Honor of Professor Chen Daisun, Peking University Press, 1981.
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